Heatstroke or heatstroke treatment aims to cool the victim's body to reach normal body temperature to prevent or reduce the severity of complications associated with heat stroke, Especially, these complications are often associated with the brain and some other essential organs.
[1] At the outset, heatstroke treatment aims to reduce basic body temperature to less than 39 degrees Celsius, The heat of the victim's body is usually measured by the anal thermometer with the need to take consecutive readings consistently The heat must be reached as soon as possible, and although there is a difference between researchers about
the time needed to reduce the temperature to less than 39 ° C; However, the ideal period to achieve this goal is within 60 minutes of exposure to heat stroke [2] It should be noted that the warming of the human body to 40 degrees Celsius or higher may cause serious health complications, Most notably, damage to
the brain and other vital organs, [1] Generally, heatstroke sufferers need to be hospitalized to be examined and to be assured of their safety, and to observe any complications that may arise after the first day. [3]
first aid
Although there are a range of procedures recommended to be applied at home in case of sunstroke However, it is usually not enough to treat the problem completely, so in the event of an infected person showing signs or complaining of heatstroke symptoms, they must call and seek emergency medical assistance.
or to transfer the patient as soon as possible to the hospital, because any delay in seeking medical assistance could lead to severe complications up to death. and individuals around the patient must begin first aid procedures to try to cool the patient and reduce his basic body temperature to between 38.3 and 38.8 pending the arrival
of paramedics, If the arrival of emergency staff is delayed, the emergency department must be contacted from the hospital to receive additional instructions on how to handle the situation. And the most important first aid followed in cases of sunstroke comes:[4] [5]
Transfer the patient to a place where there is an air conditioner if possible, or transfer him to at least a cold and shaded area, with the need to remove the excess clothing worn by the injured person as well as remove the tight clothing.
. Wet and hydrate the patient's skin with water by wiping with a wet sponge or spraying with the garden hose and then shining air on the patient's body with a fan.
Applying ice compresses to areas of the body rich in blood vessels close to the skin and the most important ones; armpits, cheek origin, neck, back; Cooling these areas reduces the patient's body temperature.
Immersing the whole body of the patient in a bathtub containing lukewarm water. For the option of adding ice to water, it is possible in the event that heat stroke is the result of strenuous or extremely stressful exercise, provided that he does not have any chronic disease, and is not in the category of the elderly or young children.
Drinks liquids if heatstroke is not severe If they are severe and emergency contact, it is worth not drinking any type of fluid, It is indicated that the purpose of giving fluids is to try to compensate for the lack of fluids that occurred as a result of body warming.
In addition to the importance of compensating salts lost in sweating, Sports drinks can be used for this purpose, and in any case it is advisable to consult a doctor before offering liquids or any drink to compensate salts to the injured person.
Drinks liquids if heatstroke is not severe If they are severe and emergency contact, it is worth not drinking any type of fluid, It is indicated that the purpose of giving fluids is to try to compensate for the lack of fluids that occurred as a result of body warming. In addition to the importance of compensating salts lost in sweating, Sports drinks can be used for this purpose, and in any case it is advisable to consult a doctor before offering liquids or any drink to compensate salts to the injured person.
Refrain from using alcohol or sugar-rich beverages in order to compensate for liquids; These drinks may negatively affect the body's ability to control temperature, and it is recommended to avoid very cold drinks that may cause convulsions in the stomach.
There are instances of heat strikes that occur during strong and violent exercise. This is called stress heat blow, stress heat stroke or heat exhaustion.
In order to deal with this situation, individuals around the patient should help him lie down and lift the legs up to ensure blood flows to the heart. With the need to remove tight and unnecessary clothing from the patient, the method of inundating the body with an ice bath can be used to reduce heat if the patient is young and healthy. [4] [6]
Medical Treatment
There are a range of methods that the doctor can use to lower the patient's body temperature, while the most important are: [3] [7]
Immersion in cold water: Immersion of the patient's body with a cold tub or ice-mixed water is one of the most effective medical methods in lowering the essential temperature of the patient. In fact, the importance of speed is to reduce heat by reducing the risk of death and organ damage.
Evaporation cooling: The evaporative cooling technique is done by spraying the lukewarm water spray on the patient's body, then shining warm air over it resulting in evaporation of water and skin cooling.
Cooling blankets and ice compressors: The doctor can use the method of wrapping the patient with custom cooling blankets, putting ice compresses on the armpits, back, neck, and the origin of the thigh.
Administering medications: The doctor may give medications to reduce trembling and trembling if the heatstroke suffers from it, whether due to the treatments used or otherwise, because trembling reduces the effectiveness of treatment and raises body temperature, and when certain medications can be used as the doctor deems appropriate, such as; The medications of the benzodiazepines family, it should be noted that it is important to avoid the use of aspirin and acetaminophen in the event of suspected heatstroke in the patient; These drugs do not help lower the patient's body temperature in this case.
Washing the stomach or rectum with cold water: If previous methods do not succeed in lowering the patient's heat, the method of washing the body from inside with cold water can be used by flowing cold water into the stomach or straight.
Cardiopulmonary bypass: in severe cases that do not respond to any of the previous medical methods, the patient may need cardiopulmonary bypass; The patient's blood trajectory is converted from the heart and lungs into an extracorporeal blood collection machine, the blood is cooled and then returned to the body again.
After Heat Stroke
The patient's body needs an initial recovery from heatstroke heatstroke of about one to two days. often recommends that the doctor spend these two days in the hospital, and the need for longer than this can be predicted if damage to the organs is detected And medical experts expect that full heatstroke recovery and its effect on internal organs requires a period of two months to one year, It is worth noting that rapid and effective heatstroke therapy helps to recover without complications mostly Or complications may be as minor as some patients becoming more sensitive to hot weather, For sunstroke cases accompanied by organ damage; Unfortunately, this damage may be permanent, for example brain, lungs, liver or kidney damage. [2]
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